This year flu is particularly tough, so knowing how to identify the signs, when to go to the hospital and a few home remedies, will be very helpful. I asked Dr. Nathan Litman, pediatric infectious diseases specialist at Montefiore Medical Center, what every parent needs to know about flu.
Signs of the flu and the best way to diagnose it
Symptoms of the flu typically include high fever, runny nose, a cough, fatigue, lack of appetite, headaches and muscle aches. Cases of the flu can range from mild to severe. It’s important to note the flu can mimic other illnesses, so monitor the person’s health closely and visit a doctor if the symptoms are severe or persist.
Who is most in danger of getting the flu
Those at greater risk of complications due to the flu are children under the age of two, pregnant women and adults 65 years of age and older. Others at risk include people with underlying conditions, such as asthma, heart disease, diabetes, neurological and kidney disorders, as well as those with a weakened immune system.
Best ways to avoid getting the flu
First and foremost, everyone should get a flu shot in order to reduce their risk of getting sick. Other recommendations include regularly washing your hands, coughing into your elbow or a tissue and avoiding large group settings.
Best time to get a flu shot
October is the best time to get a flu shot in the United States, which is typically in advance of the annual outbreak.
The flu shot and the immune system
The flu vaccine creates an antibody against the virus within your body – allowing you not to get sick if you come into contact with it.
Flu seasonality
Yes, there is seasonality with the flu. In the northeast U.S., for example, it typically hits in mid to late fall and lasts through winter. In more tropical climates, the flu is an issue year round.
Average duration of the flu and how to shorten it
A fever associated with the flu typically lasts four to five days and a cough can last as long as one to two weeks. Moms should first get their kids vaccinated if they are older than six months. If a child does have the flu, make sure the child remains hydrated and consult their doctor, if needed. You also can administer Tylenol, as needed.
How long should kids stay away from school/friends after the onset of the flu
Kids should not be exposed to their friends or school until at least 24 hours after their fever breaks.
Breastfeeding moms and flu: to breastfeed or use pumped milk/formula
The flu virus cannot be transferred through breast milk, but if the mother has the flu there is a possibility the child could get sick based on proximity alone. To help alleviate this issue, pregnant women should get vaccinated in order to help them build up antibodies, which also will protect the child after birth.
Medication that’s effective in fighting the flu virus
Tamiflu is the only oral medication approved for influenza. Another option called Xanamivir can be used, but it must be inhaled, like an asthma treatment, which can be difficult for children.
Helpful home remedies
The one home remedy you hear the most is a good one to try – chicken soup. It’s helpful with hydration and also provides carbohydrates and nutrients at a time when people may not be eating much.
